Candide And Voltaires Response To The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment period was considered the period of living and learning through reason in which many writers became prominent in their own opinions on the matter of creation and why it occurred. During these period thinkers of the Enlightenment believed that nothing had imperfections because the world was created by a perfect God, therefore everything he created had to be perfect. There are two authors who emerged during this period who put their own spin, using very detailed opinions, on what they thought about creation. Pope’s Essay on Man discusses how humans cannot reason what they do not know while Voltaire brings about the idea of optimism in his story of Candide which demonstrates optimism to the extreme. In his response to the†¦show more content†¦He underlines this opinion of humans just being a link in nature’s chain in his work by saying â€Å"Vast chain of being, which from God began/Natures ethereal, human, angel, man.†Meaning that if a man is just another link in the chain of nature he has a limited knowledge and if he tries to alter this or view himself as a God, it will result in adversity. Although both arguments can be proven true in some way or another I more closely relate with Pope because of my own religious beliefs. I believe that everything happens for a reason whether it be known or unknown. God has set a plan in place for all of our lives and a lot of the time we do not know or understand why certain things happen. We are not able to comprehend the bigger picture in store for us because as humans we love to have control over own lives and so to think that someone has taken our choice away a lot causes a lot of people decide to agree with Voltaire who questions even the existence of a God. When in reality we still have the choice to make our decisions of who we are and what we choose to with our faith and anything else in life. For me, Pope more closely writes to the sort of optimism that I want to have. Even if there ends up not being a God or supernatural being ruling over us all I would rather have something to put my hope and trust in, also becauseShow More RelatedVoltaire s Candide : A Critique Of Politics And Religion During The Age Of Enlightenment1500 Words   |  6 Pagespublished Candide, ou l Optimisme simultaneously in five European countries in January of 1759, it was met with widespread denouncement due to its controversial content and scandalous portrayal of politics and religion. Nevertheless, the bitingly satirical novel fervently spread throughout Europe and was translated into several more languages, selling tens of thousands of copies within its first year of publication (Barnes). Despite being first categorized as dangerous blasphemy, Candide is now regardedRead MoreComparing Lessons Learned by Candide and Rasselas1291 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and Contrasting Lessons Learned by Candide and Rasselas Voltaires Candide is a short satirical novel based on the life, adventures, and ultimate enlightenment of the title character Candide. The novel was subtitled ironically, The Optimist, in reference to a type of philosophy prevalent in Voltaires day, which the author found repellant. Candide is his answer to optimism as a philosophy. Likewise, Samuel Johnsons Rasselas presents a worldview (according to the philosopher Imlac) thatRead MoreThe Use of Satire in Voltaire’s Candide by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz773 Words   |  4 Pages The Use of Satire in Voltaire’s Candide Satire. According to dictionary.com it is â€Å"the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues†. During a time when going against the common mindset, which at the time was philosophical optimism, was rare and often looked down upon, using satire in order to not only communicate one’s beliefs but also mock those who shared the mainstreamRead MoreVoltaire s Candide By Voltaire2264 Words   |  10 Pages Candide by Voltaire Book Critique Emma Joy Mr. Boni World History 2- Period 2 12/19/14 I. Voltaire. Candide. New York: Bantam Books, 1959. Candide by Voltaire is a very educational and informative piece. It was chosen to be read so the students could gain a better understanding of some of the written pieces in the Enlightenment. Voltaire also makes many references as to what life was like in the 18th century. Voltaire not only describes the scenery but he gives a description ofRead More`` Candide `` A Satire Of The Social, And The Scientific Revolution1608 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enlightenment was a time when authority was questioned, which enforced change. It emerged out of the Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution. The Reformation called for a reform of the catholic church. The Scientific Revolution called for moral, social, and political thought to rely on the scientific method and reason rather than the current system of tradition cultural authorities. These changes and ideas continued into the Enlightenment. During his time Franà §ois-Marie Arouet (1694-1778)Read MoreComparsion of Voltaire and Gronniosa w ´s Philosophy Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough Voltaire and Gronniosaw are similar in that their quest for enlightenment and individuality, they are also very different. Candide is a philosophical satirical novel that ingeniously shakes the misinterpretation of doctrinal optimism. Whilst A Narrative of the Life of James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw written by himself, (For the purpose of this essay, ‘A Narrative.’) is an autobiographical, and spiritual account of Gronniosaw’s Journey. This essay will look at the narrative techniques andRead MoreCandide, The Idea Of Optimism1551 Words   |  7 Pagescase of Candide, the idea of optimism (Pangloss’ views) and pessimism (Martin) are pinned against each other. Optimism is an attitude in which one remains hopeful and positive despite the negative circumstances. Pangloss’ view of optimism involves his belief that everything happens for a reason. Pangloss is stuck in this particular state of m ind through out the novel. He firmly believes that the death, mishaps and misfortunes of others are the way the world is and God has a plan. Candide also startsRead MoreMWDS Candide4817 Words   |  20 Pages Major Work Data Sheet: Candide Title: Candide Author: Voltaire Date of Publication: 1759 Genre: Satire, ‘Conte Philosophique’ (Philosophical Fiction) Biographical information about the author: Francois-Marie Arouet, better known as Voltaire, was born in 1694 in Paris, France. Though his father wanted him to become a lawyer, Voltaire long held a great passion for writing, and rather than going to law school, spent his time extensively composing poetry, essays, and historical studies. His widespreadRead MoreVoltaire s Candide And Dostoyevsky s Notes From Underground1870 Words   |  8 PagesWhile there have been many brilliant works created to provide emphasis to the importance of moderation, two philosophers in particular, Voltaire and Dostoyevsky, have conceivably accomplished the most exemplary job of delivering evidence in Voltaire’s Candide and Dostoyevsky’s Notes From Underground. Each use the two concepts of reasoning and currency in different ways to express the importance of moderation. In contemporary society, daring to ask a pertinent question on a social platform is feasiblyRead MoreThe Enlightenment Was Rife With Skepticism, Self-Reliance1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enlightenment was rife with skepticism, self-reliance and discovery. Voltaire’s Candide boasts each within its three main themes; the critique of philosophical systems (optimism, pessimism, and empiricism,) along with social criticism, and utopian ideologies. Voltaire viciously attacks the Church, the Aristocracy, and the Military. This was perfectly in line with the core ideals behind the enlightenment, a time where philosophers believed in using reason and scientific experiments in lieu of

Should Alcohol and Tobacco Advertisement Be Banned Essay

Should alcohol and tobacco advertisement be banned? We may see alcohol and tobacco advertisements everywhere, on television, in newspaper, on street ads card etc. Alcohol ads usually create several feints to tell people that alcohol is good for people and induce people to drink. On the other hand, the malign influence of advertisements shows smoking as something cool. But we know the truth is not so. Alcohol is harmful for people’s health and sometimes it may bring bad effects to self-impression. And cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, including 43 known cancer-causing (carcinogenic) compounds and 400 other toxins. These include nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide, as well as formaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic,†¦show more content†¦Advertising for tobacco is another source that cause teenagers smoke and adults smoke. Recently, tobacco companies have found new ways to promote their products to youth. They support their sporting events, concerts and movie. Many people favor idols or stars smoke in the movies and they seems very cool. And Teenagers are curious about imitation. Smoke containing nicotine acts as a stimulant to the brain. Nicotine in the bloodstream acts to make the smoker feel calm. In fact, nicotine is a lethal poison, affecting the heart, blood vessels, and hormones. Tobacco smoke contains ov er 4,000 chemical compounds. More than 60 of these are known or suspected to cause cancer. What is more, secondhand smoke can be harmful in many ways and it ruins thousands of non-smoking people, childrens health. The US Surgeon General and the US Food and Drug Administration are among those who have examined the evidence and concluded that tobacco advertising does increase overall consumption. If we ban adverts on tobacco products, they will gradually lose their appeal, because they wont symbolize anything cool, smart or amazing. Tobacco products will become ordinary consumption goods and thus the number of young people who take up smoking in order to be somebody will decrease. All of these points to the conclusion that alcohol and tobaccoShow MoreRelatedAddiction As A Relationship By Jean Kilbourne1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe amount of advertisements for substances is out of control. The public is being forced to witness the death of our society with every commercial promoting the wonderfulness of alcohol and that only with alcohol your life can be truly meaningful and full of friends and family. After reading the essay â€Å"Addiction as a Relationship† by Jean Kilbourne, I didn’t really understand the death grip that these companies’ had on consumers until now. Kilbourne made excellent points in her writing. The mainRead MoreAlcohol and Tobacco in Sports914 Words   |  4 Pagescommercialized, sponsorships have taken over professional sports. In this paper, Alcohol and Tobacco sponsorships will be the issue of this paper. Sports sponsorship has become an important marketing tool for advertiser’s because of the flexibility, broad reach, and high level of brand or corporate exposure that it affords, (Krapp, 49). Yet some sponsors have created an uproar with in the society, these are namely alcohol and tobacco products. These two make up about half of the sponsorship in professionalRead MoreBan Banning Should Not Be Banned981 Words   |  4 Pagesthat should not only be avoided, but also banned. In India specifically, a country that is renowned for its high use of tobacco production and use, the idea of smoking has become a national crisis. With tobacco companies trying to push for freedom of speech† with advertisements, and the government attempting to assume a sense of responsibility, it seems almost impossible to find a solution that can encompass all perspectives. Pro-banning arguments Many feel that the Indian government should be allowedRead MoreAdvertisements: A Threat to Our Little Ones1209 Words   |  5 Pagesactions that are unmonitored such as watching advertisements, which may ruin their efforts completely. The journal of the American Medical Association said that on average children between the age of two and seventeen watch up to 15000 to 18000 hours of television a year (Bagdikian, 2000, p.36). Now consider the number of advertisements kids watch in this time, according to New American Dream (2012, para2) American children watch up to 40,000 advertisements a year. If these figures are taken in to accountRead MoreSurrogate Advertising1445 Words   |  6 PagesInformation. It is being done through different media – banners, radio, television amp; lately the internet. Advertisement in general has also drawn Public ire amp; government intervention time and again – either for moving away from truth and the consumers right to know or for cre ating false images. This is especially true in the case of surrogate advertisements. The issue of surrogate advertisement gained publicity after the government imposed a ban on it. The purpose of this project is to highlightRead MoreEssay on Arguments For and Against a Smoking Ban1426 Words   |  6 Pages Tobacco is one of the most widely-used recreational drugs in the world; mainly in the form of cigarettes, but also in cigars and pipes, and in combination with cannabis and marijuana in joints. Although most countries put age restrictions on its use, over a billion adults smoke tobacco legally every day, and supplying this demand is big business. As well as having serious health consequences for smokers themselves, the pollution of other peoples atmospheres with cigarette Read MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1349 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness ethics can be defined as the critical examination of how people and institutions should behave in the world of commerce. There are many subcategories that we may look into when speaking of business ethics, in this essay I will be writing about advertising ethics. Advertising is practically unavoidable in today s world, we see it in the streets, shops, magazines, television, on the internet, hear it on the radio. In this essay I will describe two ethical issues in advertising, show why businessRead MoreEssay On Cigarettes Should Be Banned707 Words   |  3 PagesChoosing to light another cigarette is choosing to commit another murder and taking another stab at your lungs. Smoking is the cause of one in five deaths each year in the United States alone. Since cigarettes can be considered a mass murder, they should be banned. They are dangero us to smokers and everybody around them, and that makes them vulnerable to secondhand smoke. Smokers are more prone to have high cholesterol due to damaged blood vessel walls and abnormal heart rhythms. They also lead to plaqueRead MoreResearch: Tabacco Control and Road Safety in Australia1584 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor successes in health outcome. These are: A) Smoking and Tobacco Control B) Road Traffic Safety DESCRIPTION Australia ranks highly among nations in efforts to reduce the burden of tobacco caused deaths and disease (WHO, 1997).This is to not ignore the fact that many Australian’s (Indigenous group) are still to quit smoking and enjoy a healthy life. Taking action now should be the priority as we already know how the impact could be. One of the major causesRead MoreIndia s Effect On Television865 Words   |  4 Pagespublic figures promoting the alcohol and tobacco industries. Before every movie on TV they show two health warning commercials with children in them asking their parents to stop smoking and showing the devastation smoking can cause a family. India is a very family oriented society so it s easy to understand why they have chosen to make the non-smoking commercials in this way. The BMJ quotes, Since 2011 under Indian law broadcasts and films that show tobacco use must include health messages

The Use Of Exposing And Diagnosing Ptsd With Evidence...

â€Å"Shellshock† by Roger J. Spiller is an article about the history of exposing and diagnosing PTSD with evidence compiled from multiple countries around the world who have experienced warfare. The writer describes a vast array of physical symptoms with no visible injuries associated with combat (especially those serving in the front lines), the idealism for becoming a soldier of glory in battle, the extent to which the damages from these mental cases caused armies worldwide, and a conclusion that democracy and the industrial revolution influenced the end of those suffering from the disorder in silence. Throughout the article, there are many variations of symptoms and diagnosis that were difficult for psychologists, medical scholars, surgeons, and generals to diagnose or treat. Although there were no physical wounds, Spiller expresses a record of symptoms which included: flashbacks, nightmares, temporary insanity, sudden violent outbursts, self-medication, temporary paralysi s, difficulty walking or speaking, and being easily startled. However, many of those who faced concealable symptoms did so and Spiller states that the remarkably high numbers of those affected by PTSD expressed in his writing must be considered a bare minimum, concerning analysis, even though he cites that 75% of Vietnam veterans were experiencing symptoms of some kind. The article goes on to describe the types of diagnosis and treatments that have been available throughout history, many of which were as

Commonwealth Response to Cyclone Tracy

Question: Discuss about the Commonwealth Response to Cyclone Tracy. Answer: Introduction: The paper critically responds to the statements made by Chief justice French in relation to the executive powers of the commonwealth in relation to spending of government funds. The High court has recently passed three major judgments in relation to the powers of the commonwealth in relation to appropriate of government funds. The paper critically analyzes the rationale behind the decisions provided in these cases. In the case of Pape v Commissioner of taxation 2009 HCA 23 the plaintiff had challenged the validity in relation to the executive powers of the commonwealth to make gifts and grants. There were four questions which the court had to address in this case. The first question was in relation to the standing towards the claim. The high court held that the plaintiff had the right to challenge the legality of the executive powers. The court based its decision on the finding that if the act was determined to be unlawful that it would have an effect on the entire tax bonus. The court also based its findings on the doctrine of precedent and the fact that the Act is an Inseverable whole. Although this was a judicially correct finding by the court, it would lead lead to many more challenges in future in relation to the executive powers of the Parliament. In relation to the constitutionality of the legislation the court had referred to Section 81 and 83 of the constitution along with Section 61 a nd 51 (xxxix) of the constitution. It was appropriately found by the court in this case that the combination of section 81, 83, 61 and 51(xxxix) makes the Tax bonus for working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (cth) constitutionally valid. The court in relation to the third issue in this case had referred to Section 16 of the Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth) and held that the consolidate revenue fund in relation to the payment of specified amounts by the commissioner are required and Section 3 of the Bonus act made the legislation a Taxation Law]. Thus it was held by the court that spending of government funds is valid if they are authorized by the parliament. It can be noted through the decision of the court in this case that court not only provided the parliament authority in relation to the tax bonus act but also gave it unlimited powers towards allocation of government funds through the enactment of appropriate legislations. Thus if the parliament wishes to appropriate the government funds in a direction they only need to draft a legislation according to the constitution. In the case of Williams v Commonwealth of Australia [2012] HCA 23 the High Court had provided another landmark judgment in relation to the executive powers of the parliament and appropriating funds under Section 61 of the Australian Constitution. The court in this case had to address four questions. The initial question was in relation to the standing of the plaintiff against the claim. The court held that the plaintiff had sufficient grounds to challenge the validity of the appropriation powers. The second question was in relation to the validity of the executive powers of the common wealth under section 61 and 116 of the constitution. The court ruled that the powers of the executive parliament do not include the powers of commonwealth to authorize the executive and Section 61 and 116 of the constitution did not provide statutory authority to the parliament. The court upheld the claim of the plaintiff ruling that the parliament can only appropriate funds if it has the powers to do s o according to a specific legislation made under the constitution. In dissent Heydon J provided that the regular assumption that the the executive parliament has power to spend anything if it is within the legislative powers of the commonwealth was correct. The judgment made by the court can easily be termed as temporary relief as the parliament has to power to enact legislation according to its will as far as it is in compliance with the provisions of the constitution. The statement was proved as the parliament exactly did so in order to defeat the judgment made by the court through its powers to make legislations. Financial Framework Legislation Amendment Act (No 3) 2012 (Cth) was subsequently enacted by the parliament to so that the parliament can provide itself with the power to make grants and other arrangements. The legislation would ensure that the parliament would have sufficient powers to make any arrangements or grants according to its will as per the provisions of the new legislation. Thus the parliament was successful in defeating the judgment of the court and was now in a position where they could not be challenged. Mr. Williams brought another claim against the actions of the parliament with respect to the validity of Financial Framework Legislation Amendment Act (No 3) 2012 (Cth) in the case of Williams v Commonwealth of Australia [2014] HCA 23 (Williams (No 2)). In this case the high court upheld the claim made by the plaintiff and provided that certain provisions which had been incorporated in the Financial Framework Legislation Amendment Act were not valid as they were not supported by any legislation with respect to the constitution. The High court rejected the claim of the commonwealth that the Section of the Act is valid as it is incidental to laws in with respect to constitutions power to enter contract and appropriate money. The court held that the new provisions to the legislation did not fall within commonwealths legislative powers and thus they are invalid. The court further denied to reopen the decision provided in [William (No 1)] and ruled that the proposition of the commonwealth reveals no greater content than that the Commonwealth parties wish that the decision in [Williams (No 1)] had been different. Through this statement the court made it clear the parliament does not have unlimited powers to make legislation in relation to the constitution and all legislations must therefore be supported by the provisions of the constitution. References Eburn, Michael. "Managing civil contingencies in Australia."The International Journal of Human Rights18.2 (2014): 143-158. Financial Framework Legislation Amendment Act (No 3) 2012 (Cth) Ratnapala, Suri, and Jonathan Crowe.Australian Constitutional Law: Foundations and Theory. Oxford University Press, 2012. Saunders, Benjamin. "The Commonwealth and the Chaplains: Executive Power after Williams v Commonwealth." (2012). Tax bonus for working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (cth) Lynch, Andrew. "Commonwealth Spending After Williams (No 2): Has the New Dawn Risen?." (2015). McNamara, Joe. "The Commonwealth response to Cyclone Tracy: Implications for future disasters."Australian Journal of Emergency Management, The27.2 (2012): 37. Saunders, Cheryl, and Michelle Foster. "The Australian Federation: A story of the centralization of power."Federalism and legal unification. Springer Netherlands, 2014. 87-102. Williams, George. "Bryan Pape and his legacy to the law."U. Queensland LJ34 (2015): 29.8.2 (2014): 143-158.